SLOW AND FAST SUBSYSTEMS FOR COMPLEX UNCOMPETITIVE INHIBITOR MECHANISMS
Main Article Content
Abstract
To fully understand intricate enzyme reaction models, one must explore beyond the confines of chemical and biological tools and look toward mathematical modeling and model reduction techniques. Mathematical modeling and model reduction techniques have the potential to provide a vast array of analysis tools for such models. This piece of work entails a review and discussion of a complex noncompetitive inhibitor model. This model is composed of seven non-linear differential equations with constant rates. We propose two efficient model reduction techniques: quasi- steady-state approximation (QSSA) and quasi-equilibrium approximation (QEA). By utilizing the suggested methods, the model equations are segregated into slow and fast subsystems, leading to the attainment of reduced models and slow manifolds with fewer variables and parameters. The outcomes manifest some analytical approximate solutions for the proposed model and establish a profound agreement between model dynamics for both the original and the reduced models. Observing that the reduced models can accurately identify certain critical model parameters is intriguing.
Downloads
Article Details
Transfer of Copyrights
- In the event of publication of the manuscript entitled [INSERT MANUSCRIPT TITLE AND REF NO.] in the Malaysian Journal of Science, I hereby transfer copyrights of the manuscript title, abstract and contents to the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) for the full legal term of copyright and any renewals thereof throughout the world in any format, and any media for communication.
Conditions of Publication
- I hereby state that this manuscript to be published is an original work, unpublished in any form prior and I have obtained the necessary permission for the reproduction (or am the owner) of any images, illustrations, tables, charts, figures, maps, photographs and other visual materials of whom the copyrights is owned by a third party.
- This manuscript contains no statements that are contradictory to the relevant local and international laws or that infringes on the rights of others.
- I agree to indemnify the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) in the event of any claims that arise in regards to the above conditions and assume full liability on the published manuscript.
Reviewer’s Responsibilities
- Reviewers must treat the manuscripts received for reviewing process as confidential. It must not be shown or discussed with others without the authorization from the editor of MJS.
- Reviewers assigned must not have conflicts of interest with respect to the original work, the authors of the article or the research funding.
- Reviewers should judge or evaluate the manuscripts objective as possible. The feedback from the reviewers should be express clearly with supporting arguments.
- If the assigned reviewer considers themselves not able to complete the review of the manuscript, they must communicate with the editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another suitable reviewer.
Copyright: Rights of the Author(s)
- Effective 2007, it will become the policy of the Malaysian Journal of Science (published by the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya) to obtain copyrights of all manuscripts published. This is to facilitate:
- Protection against copyright infringement of the manuscript through copyright breaches or piracy.
- Timely handling of reproduction requests from authorized third parties that are addressed directly to the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya.
- As the author, you may publish the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given. You may produce copies of your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, for teaching purposes or to be provided, on individual basis, to fellow researchers.
- You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, electronically on a secure network at your affiliated institution, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, on the World Wide Web, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- In the event that your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, has been requested to be reproduced, for any purpose or in any form approved by the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers), you will be informed. It is requested that any changes to your contact details (especially e-mail addresses) are made known.
Copyright: Role and responsibility of the Author(s)
- In the event of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science contains materials copyrighted to others prior, it is the responsibility of current author(s) to obtain written permission from the copyright owner or owners.
- This written permission should be submitted with the proof-copy of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science
References
Akgu¨l, A., 2019. Reproducing kernel Hilbert space method based on reproducing kernel functions for investigating boundary layer flow of a Powell–Eyring non-Newtonian fluid. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 13(1), pp.858- 863.
Akgu¨l, A., Khoshnaw, S.H. and Abdalrahman, A.S., 2020. Mathematical mod- eling for enzyme inhibitors with slow and fast subsystems. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 27(1), pp.442-449.
Ali, R., Akgu¨l, A. and Asjad, M.I., 2020. Power law memory of natural con- vection flow of hybrid nanofluids with constant proportional Caputo fractional derivative due to pressure gradient. Pramana, 94(1), pp.1-11.
Asjad, M.I., Ikram, M.D. and Akgu¨l, A., 2020. Analysis of MHD viscous fluid flow through porous medium with novel power law fractional differential oper- ator. Physica Scripta, 95(11), p.115209.
Bilal, S., Shah, I.A., Akgu¨l, A., Tekin, M.T., Botmart, T. and Yahia, I.S., 2022. A comprehensive mathematical structuring of magnetically effected Sutterby fluid flow immersed in dually stratified medium under boundary layer approximations over a linearly stretched surface. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), pp.11889-11898.
Bowen, J.R., Acrivos, A. and Oppenheim, A.K., 1963. Singular perturbation refinement to quasi-steady state approximation in chemical kinetics. Chemical Engineering Science, 18(3), pp.177-188.
Dangelmayr, G. and Kirby, M., 2003. Mathematical modeling: a comprehensive introduction.
Frenzen, C.L. and Maini, P.K., 1988. Enzyme kinetics for a two-step enzymic reaction with comparable initial enzyme-substrate ratios. Journal of mathematical biology, 26(6), pp.689-703.
Gorban, A.N. and Shahzad, M., 2011. The michaelis-menten-stueckelberg theorem. Entropy, 13(5), pp.966-1019.
Gorban, A.N., 2018. Model reduction in chemical dynamics: slow invariant manifolds, singular perturbations, thermodynamic estimates, and analysis of reaction graph. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 21, pp.48-59.
Hashemi, M.S., Inc, M., Kilic, B. and Akgu¨l, A., 2016. On solitons and invariant solutions of the Magneto-electro-elastic circular rod. Waves in Random and Complex Media, 26(3), pp.259-271.
Heineken, F.G., Tsuchiya, H.M. and Aris, R., 1967. On the mathematical status of the pseudo-steady state hypothesis of biochemical kinetics. Mathematical biosciences, 1(1), pp.95-113.
Khoshnaw, S.H., 2015. Reduction of a kinetic model of active export of importins. In Conference Publications (Vol. 2015, No. special, p. 705). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
Khoshnaw, S. H. A. (2015). Model reductions in biochemical reaction networks [PhD thesis] UK: University of Leicester.
Khoshnaw, S.H. and Rasool, H.M., 2019, April. Mathematical Modelling for complex biochemical networks and identification of fast and slow reactions. In The international conference on mathematical and related sciences (pp. 55-69). Springer, Cham.
Murray, J.D., 2002. Mathematical biology: I. An introduction.
Qureshi, Z.A., Bilal, S., Khan, U., Akgu¨l, A., Sultana, M., Botmart, T., Zahran, H.Y. and Yahia, I.S., 2022. Mathematical analysis about influence of Lorentz force and interfacial nano layers on nanofluids flow through orthogonal porous surfaces with injection of SWCNTs. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), pp.12925-12941.
Shahzad, M., Arif, H., Gulistan, M., and Sajid, M. (2015). Initially Approximated Quasi Equilibrium Manifold. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 37(2).
Shahzad, M., Sultan, F., Wahab, A., Faizullah, F., and Ur Rahman, G. (2016). Slow Manifolds in Chemical Kinetics. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pak- istan, 38(5).
Shahzad, M. and Sultan, F., 2018. Complex reactions and dynamics: advanced chemical kinetics. InTech, Rijeka.
Shahzad, M., Sultan, F., Haq, I., Ali, M. and Khan, W.A., 2019. C-matrix and invariants in chemical kinetics: a mathematical concept. Pramana, 92(4), pp.1-8.
Shahzad, A., Imran, M., Tahir, M., Khan, S.A., Akgu¨l, A., Abdullaev, S., Park, C., Zahran, H.Y. and Yahia, I.S., 2023. Brownian motion and ther- mophoretic diffusion impact on Darcy-Forchheimer flow of bioconvective mi cropolar nanofluid between double disks with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 62, pp.1-15
Schnell, S. and Maini, P.K., 2002. Enzyme kinetics far from the standard quasi-steady-state and equilibrium approximations. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 35(1-2), pp.137-144.
Segel, L.A. and Slemrod, M., 1989. The quasi-steady-state assumption: a case study in perturbation. SIAM review, 31(3), pp.446-477.
Tzafriri, A.R. and Edelman, E.R., 2004. The total quasi-steady-state approximation is valid for reversible enzyme kinetics. Journal of theoretical biology, 226(3), pp.303-313.
Whiteley, C.G., 2000. Enzyme kinetics: partial and complete uncompetitive inhibition. Biochemical Education, 28(3), pp.144-147.
Yoshino, M. and Murakami, K., 2015. Analysis of the substrate inhibition of complete and partial types. Springerplus, 4(1), pp.1-8.