A SIMPLE 3D TOOLBOX-BASED SMARTPHONE COLORIMETER: THE ABILITY TO DETECT THE STOICHIOMETRIC EQUIVALENT OF A CHEMICAL REACTION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The simple 3D toolbox is constructed and used with a smartphone for detecting the stoichiometric equivalent of chemical reactions. The reaction between salicylic acid and iron(III) ion to form a purple complex is chosen. The captured image of the purple product is measured for RGB color intensities. The color intensities of the solutions depends on concentration of the colored product, and the constant color intensities were observed after the reaction reached its stoichiometry. Several smartphones have been tested for capturing the images and measuring the color intensities. It revealed that all smartphones can be used but the white balance mode is required tuning up to get clear enough picture for color intensity measurement. This smartphone spectrometer provides a comparable results to those obtained from a commercial ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. This work can be a guideline for creation of portable devices in chemical analysis using a smartphone. Moreover, the developed device and method can be practically repeated in chemistry laboratory class for teaching stoichiometry and chemical reaction using a smartphone.
Downloads
Article Details
Transfer of Copyrights
- In the event of publication of the manuscript entitled [INSERT MANUSCRIPT TITLE AND REF NO.] in the Malaysian Journal of Science, I hereby transfer copyrights of the manuscript title, abstract and contents to the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) for the full legal term of copyright and any renewals thereof throughout the world in any format, and any media for communication.
Conditions of Publication
- I hereby state that this manuscript to be published is an original work, unpublished in any form prior and I have obtained the necessary permission for the reproduction (or am the owner) of any images, illustrations, tables, charts, figures, maps, photographs and other visual materials of whom the copyrights is owned by a third party.
- This manuscript contains no statements that are contradictory to the relevant local and international laws or that infringes on the rights of others.
- I agree to indemnify the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) in the event of any claims that arise in regards to the above conditions and assume full liability on the published manuscript.
Reviewer’s Responsibilities
- Reviewers must treat the manuscripts received for reviewing process as confidential. It must not be shown or discussed with others without the authorization from the editor of MJS.
- Reviewers assigned must not have conflicts of interest with respect to the original work, the authors of the article or the research funding.
- Reviewers should judge or evaluate the manuscripts objective as possible. The feedback from the reviewers should be express clearly with supporting arguments.
- If the assigned reviewer considers themselves not able to complete the review of the manuscript, they must communicate with the editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another suitable reviewer.
Copyright: Rights of the Author(s)
- Effective 2007, it will become the policy of the Malaysian Journal of Science (published by the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya) to obtain copyrights of all manuscripts published. This is to facilitate:
(a) Protection against copyright infringement of the manuscript through copyright breaches or piracy.
(b) Timely handling of reproduction requests from authorized third parties that are addressed directly to the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya. - As the author, you may publish the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
You may produce copies of your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, for teaching purposes or to be provided, on individual basis, to fellow researchers. - You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, electronically on a secure network at your affiliated institution, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, on the World Wide Web, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- In the event that your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, has been requested to be reproduced, for any purpose or in any form approved by the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers), you will be informed. It is requested that any changes to your contact details (especially e-mail addresses) are made known.
Copyright: Role and responsibility of the Author(s)
- In the event of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science contains materials copyrighted to others prior, it is the responsibility of current author(s) to obtain written permission from the copyright owner or owners.
- This written permission should be submitted with the proof-copy of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science
References
Crocombe R.A. (2018). Portable spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 72: 1701-1751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702818809719
Jackson K.R., Layne T., Dent D.A., Tsuei A., Li J., Haverstick D.M. & Landers J.P. (2020). A novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for identification of four body fluids with smartphone detection. Forensic Science International: Genetics 45: 102195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102195
Jin R., Wang F., Li G., Yan X., Liu M., Chen Y., Zhou W., Gao H., Sun P. & Lu G. (2021). Construction of multienzyme-hydrogel sensor with smartphone detector for on-site monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide. Sensor and Actuator B: Chemical 327: 128922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128922
Kajornklin P., Jarujamrus P., Phanphon P., Ngernpradab P., Supasorn S., Chairam S. & Amatatongchai M. (2020). Fabricating a low-cost, simple, screen printed paper towel-based experimental device to demonstrate the factors affecting chemical equilibrium and chemical equilibrium constant, Kc. Journal of Chemical Education 97: 1984-1991. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00918
Kap O., Kilic V., Hardy J.G. & Horzum N. (2021). Smartphone-based colorimetric detection systems for glucose monitoring in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. Analyst 146: 2784–2806. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02031A
Ko C.H., Liu C.C., Chen K.H., Sheu F., Fu L.M. & Chen S.J. (2021). Microfluidic colorimetric analysis system for sodium benzoate detection in foods. Food Chemistry 345:128773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128773
Koohkan R., Kaykhaii M., Sasani M. & Paull B. (2020). Fabrication of a smartphone-based spectrophotometer and its application in monitoring concentrations of organic Dyes. ACS Omega 5: 31450-31455. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05123
Lantam A., Limbut W., Thiagchanya A. & Phonchai A. (2020). A portable optical colorimetric sensor for the determination of promethazine in lean cocktail and pharmaceutical doses. Microchemical Journal 159: 105519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105519
Li X., Li J., Ling J., Wang C., Ding Y., Chang Y., Li N., Wang Y. & Cai J. (2020). A smartphone-based bacteria sensor for rapid and portable identification of forensic saliva sample. Sensor and Actuator B: Chemical 320: 128303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128303
Moonrungsee1 N., Peamaroon N., Boonmee A., Suwancharoen S. & Jakmunee J. (2018). Evaluation of tyrosinase inhibitory activity in Salak (Salacca zalacca) extracts using the digital image-based colorimetric method. Chemical Paper 72: 2729-2736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0528-1
Moonrungsee N., Pencharee S. & Jakmunee J. (2015). Colorimetric analyzer based on mobile phone camera for determination of available phosphorus in soil. Talanta 136: 204-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.01.024
Moonrungsee N., Pencharee S., Junsomboon J., Jakmunee J. & Peamaroon N. (2020). A simple colorimetric procedure using a smartphone camera for determination of copper in copper supported silica catalysts. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 75: 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934820020136
Moonrungsee N., Pencharee S. & Peamaroon N. (2016). Determination of iron in zeolite catalysts by a smartphone camera-based colorimetric analyzer. Instrumentation Science & Technology 44: 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2015.1137587
Moonrungsee2 N., Prachain C., Bumrungkij C., Jakmunee J. & Peamaroon N. (2018). A simple device with a smartphone camera for determination of salicylic acid in foods, drugs and cosmetics (in Thai). The Journal of KMUTNB 28: 639-648. https://doi.org/10.14416/j.kmutnb.2018.03.001
Nixon M., Outlaw F. & Leung T.S. (2020). Accurate device-independent colorimetric measurements using smartphones. PLOS ONE 15: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230561
Peamaroon N., Jakmunee J. & Moonrungsee N. (2021). A simple colorimetric procedure for the determination of iodine value of vegetable oils using a smartphone camera. Journal of Analysis and Testing 5: 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-021-00168-x
Phadungcharoen N., Pengwanput N., Nakapan A., Sutitaphan U., Thanomklom P., Jongudomsombut N., Chinsriwongkul A. & Rojanarata T. (2020). Ion pair extraction coupled with digital image colorimetry as a rapid and green platform for pharmaceutical analysis: an example of chlorpromazine hydrochloride tablet assay. Talanta 219: 121271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121271
Qi M., Huo J., Li Z., He C., Li D., Wang Y., Vasylieva N., Zhang J. & Hammock B.D. (2020). On-spot quantitative analysis of dicamba in field waters using a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip with smartphone imaging. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412: 6995-7006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02833-z
Rajendraprasad N. & Basavaiah K. (2016). Modified spectrophotometric methods for determination of iron(III) in leaves and pharmaceuticals using salicylic acid. Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science 4: 302-307.
Samacoits A., Nimsamer P., Mayuramart O., Chantaravisoot N., Sitthi-amorn P., Nakhakes C., Luangkamchorn L., Tongcham P., Zahm U., Suphanpayak S., Padungwattanachoke N., Leelarthaphin N., Huayhongthong H., Pisitkun T., Payungporn S. & Hannanta-anan P. (2021). Machine learning-driven and smartphone-based fluorescence detection for CRISPR diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Omega 6: 2727–2733. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c04929
Santos R.C., Cavalcanti J.N.C., Carmo E.C.W., Souza F.C., Soares W.G., Souza C.G., Andrade D.F. & Avila L.A. (2020). Approaching diesel fuel quality in chemistry lab classes: undergraduate student’s achievements on determination of biodiesel content in diesel oil applying solvatochromic effect. Journal of Chemical Education 97: 4462-4468. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00773
Sargazi M. & Kaykhaii M. (2020). Application of a smartphone based spectrophotometer for rapid in-field determination of nitrite and chlorine in environmental water samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 227: 117672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2019.117672
Shahvar A., Shamsaei D. & Saraji M. (2020). A portable smartphone-based colorimetric sensor for rapid determination of water content in ethanol. Measurement 150: 107068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107068
Souza W.S., De Oliveira M.A.S., De Oliveira G.M.F., De Santana D.P. & De Araujo, R.E. (2018). Self-referencing method for relative color intensity analysis using mobile-phone. Optics and Photonics Journal 8: 264-275. https://doi.org/10.4236/opj.2018.87022