A New Perspective of Theories and Policies on Nationalities: Transition from Nation-State to State-Nation (Perspektif Baharu Teori dan Polisi tentang Nasionaliti: Transisi dari Nation-State kepada State-Nation)

Abstract

Abstract
The term “Nation-state†is a concept from the West, and is a prevailing concept in contemporary theories and policies on nationalities in China, a multinational country to many scholars. In this paper, the authors suggest that there are three kinds of relations between nation and state, e.g. the relations between different nations, between nations and state, and between state and nations. From the perspective of relations between state
and nation, we need to bring“stateâ€back in that state comes first, following by nations. The authors use“state-nationâ€to illustrate this top-down relation, and declare that state plays a dominant role, and nation is subordinate to the state. This kind of relationship is realized by a series of institutionalized systems including hierarchical management, local management, category management, etc. based on official rank standard.

Abstrak
Istilah “Nation-state†merupakan satu konsep dari Barat yang sering diaplikasi dalam teori dan polisi kontemporari tentang nasionaliti di China. Dalam pandangan banyak sarjana, China ialah sebuah negara pelbagai nation. Dalam kertas penyelidikan ini, penulis berpendapat bahawa terdapat tiga jenis hubungan antara nation dan state, yakni hubungan antara berbagai-bagai nation, antara nation dan state dan antara state dan nation. Dari perspektif hubungan antara state dan nation, kita perlu mengembalikan state yang memperlihatkan state mendahului nation. Penulis-penulis ini menggunakan “statenation†untuk menunjukkan hubungan atas-bawah dan mengisytiharkan state memainkan peranan dominan yang menyaksikan nation adalah subordinat kepada state. Hubungan jenis ini dizahirkan melalui satu siri pengistitusian sistem yang merangkumi pengurusan berhierarki, pengurusan tempatan, pengurusan kategori dan sebagainya berdasarkan kedudukan rasmi yang standard.