COURTROOM DISCOURSE: A CASE STUDY OF CODE-SWITCHING FUNCTIONS IN BRUNEI WACANA MAHKAMAH: KAJIAN KES TENTANG ALIH KOD DI BRUNEI
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Abstract
This study examines the interactions amongst the various participants in the Brunei Magistrate’s courtrooms. These various participants are comprised of magistrate, judges, defendants and interpreters. It also focuses on the linguistics strategies including the types of questions used by the courtroom participants. Linguistics strategies that will be examined in this study include turn-taking, discourse markers, code choice, code-switching and questioning sequences. This study also discusses how in the courtroom, non-verbal communications can take place among all participants. The non-verbal interactions include gesture, facial expression, gaze, prosodic features and non-verbal vocalisations. The primary data for this research is based on the interactions transcribed orthographically in full, detailed writing of what transpired in the courtrooms without video or voice recordings which were not allowed in any courtroom and interview with the participants.
Keywords: code-switching; Bruneian Courtrooms, discourse markers, language choice, non-verbal communications
Kertas kerja merupakan kajian yang melihat kepada interaksi antara beberapa orang yang terlibat semasa perbicaraan berlangsung di Mahkamah Majistret Brunei. Mereka yang terlibat semasa perbicaraan adalah Majistret, juri, pendakwaraya, defendend dan jurubahasa. Kertas kerja ini juga memfokuskan kepada strategi linguistik termasuk pilihan soalan yang diberikan oleh majistret. Strategi linguistik yang dibincangkan termasuk giliran bercakap, analisis wacana, pilihan kod bahasa, alih kod dan aturan soalan. Bahkan dalam kajian ini juga turut membincangkan mengenai bahasa non-verbal yang dilakukan oleh mereka yang terlibat semasa sesi perbicaraan berlangsung. Bahasa non-verbal termasuk gerak-geri, ekspresi mimik muka, pandangan, perilaku dan tingkah laku. Data yang dikutip bagi kajian ini merupakan sesi soal jawab yang berlaku semasa perbicaraan berlangsung, semua data ditulis dan disalin secara keseluruhannya tanpa menggunakan rakaman audio mahupun video. Ini disebabkan apa sahaja rakaman mahupun gambar tidak boleh sama sekali dirakam semasa sesi perbicaraan bahkan persyaratan mahkamah juga telah menyatakan bahawa tidak boleh ada sebarang rakaman dan gambar diambil oleh mana-mana pihak sekalipun.
Kata kunci: Alih kod; mahkamah Brunei, analisis wacana, pilihan bahasa, komunikasi non-verbal
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